Flooding is one of the most common natural disasters in Canada, with 1 in 5 Canadian homes currently at risk. Floods can happen anywhere and at any time, so it’s important to be aware of the likelihood of flooding in your area, and how to help protect your home and vehicle from damage.
As climate change increases the frequency and severity of certain weather patterns that can lead to flooding, Craig Richardson, Senior VP and Chief Claims Officer at Definity, is sharing his insight into where most flood claims are taking place, how your risk may change in the coming years, and ways you can prepare your loved ones and property before a flood happens.
Q: Why is flooding a growing concern in Canada?
A: There are a few factors that are causing more flood events across the country, including:
- Climate change. We’re seeing persistent changes to precipitation levels, snow and ice melts, and water levels, which can increase the risk of oceans, lakes, and rivers overflowing and overwhelming municipal water management systems.
- A reduction in green spaces. Urbanization and the removal of parks, forests, and grass means there’s less permeable surfaces for water to drain into.
- Ongoing construction in high-risk areas. As we run out of green space, there’s more pressure to build infrastructure on flood plains and close to bodies of water.
Q: What regions are most at-risk for flooding in Canada?
A: Many of Canada’s major cities are labelled as high-risk flood zones, including Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto, Montral, Ottawa-Gatineau, and Fredericton. That’s because these areas lack the essential green space needed to absorb excess water and are located close to rivers or lakes. Any significant snow melts or rainfalls could overwhelm local drainage systems, causing roadways, subway systems, and homes to become flooded.
However, flooding is becoming a growing concern for more communities across Canada after causing destruction in nearly every region in 2023. According to the Insurance Bureau of Canada, more than 35 nationwide flooding events in the past decade have averaged around $800 million annually in total insured losses.
As climate change progresses, it’s expected that the risk of flooding may expand to regions that have never experienced flooding before and increase the severity of damage in current high-risk areas.
Q: How can I accurately measure my region’s risk for flooding?
A: There are a few ways you can measure your level of risk:
- Flood risk mapping. Your municipal and provincial government may have flood risk maps available for your region, however this is still a developing service and isn’t widely available across Canada. If there is a flood risk map for your region, check to see if you’re located in a flood-prone area and if there are any resources available to help you prepare.
- Your proximity to a body of water. If your home is near a river, lake, or coastline, it’s likely you’re more susceptible to flooding.
- Your region’s climate conditions. Certain regional climate patterns, like heavy snowmelt and rainfall, can contribute to flooding.
- The strength of your local drainage systems. Watch how effective your local drainage systems are during heavy rainfalls or snowmelt events. If your storm drains frequently backup, it may increase your risk for flooding.
Q: How can I protect my home from flooding?
A: While it's impossible to completely eliminate flood risk, you can take steps to reduce damage to your home and property:
- Elevate your utilities. Raise electrical systems, furnaces, and other utilities above potential flood levels, especially if they’re stored in a flood-prone basement.
- Install a sump pump. A sump pump with a backup power source can prevent water from accumulating in your basement during a heavy rainfall or snowmelt.
- Seal your foundation. Seal any foundation cracks and openings at ground level to prevent water from getting in. Also, ensure proper grading around your home and regularly remove the build-up of snow around your home in winter.
- Adopt green infrastructure. Use green infrastructure solutions, such as rain gardens and permeable pavement, to help manage stormwater runoff and direct water away from your home.
It’s important to note that most standard home insurance policies don’t include coverage for overland flooding, sump pump failure, or sewer backup. Reach out to your group’s licensed home insurance broker to double check you have the right coverage in the event of a flood.
Q: How can I protect my vehicle from flooding?
A: Cars are also vulnerable to flooding, but here’s how you can minimize damage:
- Park in an elevated area. Whenever possible, park your vehicle in an elevated area away from flood-prone zones, such as underground parking garages or on a hill.
- Install flood guards. Flood guards or barriers that go around garage entrances can prevent water from entering during flood events.
- Keep up with regular maintenance. Keep drains and gutters clear to prevent water buildup around parked vehicles.
- Make sure you have comprehensive coverage. Contact your group’s insurance broker to make sure you have comprehensive coverage on your insurance policy. This optional coverage is for damage that isn’t caused by a collision and will save you from an unexpected and costly expense if your vehicle is damaged in a flood.
Q: What should I do in the event of a flood?
A: In the event of a flood, always prioritize safety and take the following steps:
- Move valuables. If it’s safe to do so, move your most precious items to higher ground and secure your home as best as you can.
- Follow the guidance of local authorities. If authorities recommend evacuation, leave the area immediately and follow evacuation routes.
- Shut off utilities. Turn off your home’s electricity, gas, and water to prevent further damage.
- Document all damage. Take photographs or videos of any flood-related damage to help speed up the insurance claim process.
It’s unlikely that the major flood events Canada experienced in 2023 were an isolated event. If anything, more Canadian homes are at risk of flooding than ever before. Luckily, you can take steps to assess risk factors, implement protective measures, and reduce damage in the event of a flood. Reach out to your group’s broker to discuss your options and learn if you’re covered from flooding.
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